• Passive investment is money flowing into the stock market on a regular basis through employee participation in retirement plans. This inflow is insensitive to valuation metrics and so as it becomes more popular it changes the dynamics of the market:
    • The market trends higher because there is a steady inflow
    • The rich get richer because stocks with higher market caps are indexed by popular funds which is where passive money tends to flow. This in turn increases the price of these large cap stocks
    • It makes value investing harder because “cheap” smaller companies are not likely to see the influx of passive