Developed by General Valery Gerasimov, he articulated Russia’s view on warfare that nonmilitary means have become just as important, if not more so than conventional force weapons. Many have found this to explain Russia’s activities in the 2016 election and Ukraine invasion. He specifies the aim is to achieve an environment of permanent unrest and conflict within an enemy state cite:mckewGerasimovDoctrine. The tactics of this doctrine, or at least approach, include misinformation campaigns, political subversions, assassination, cyberattacks, and “active measures” using social media to tear at the fabric of diverse and democratic societies cite:broseKillChainDefending2020.